1. Use aseptic technique

1.a. Wash hands at appropriate times
1.b. Use standard precautions
1.c. Use category specific precautions
1.d. Maintain a sterile field and equipment
1.e. Apply sterile gloves
1.f. Dispose of contaminated wastes appropriately
1.g. Identify when health care workers should perform hand hygiene
1.h. Identify indications for hand hygiene using an alcohol based hand rub
1.i. Identify indications for hand hygiene using soap and water
1.j. Demonstrate the correct procedures for hand hygiene using handrubs or soap and water
1.k. Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis
1.l. Identify the principles of surgical asepsis
1.m. Prepare a sterile field using a sterile drape
1.n. Explain how to add sterile items to sterile field and pour sterile solutions
1.o. Demonstrate proper donning of sterile gloves
1.p. Compare and contrast standard and transmission-based precaution requirements according to CDC
1.q. Demonstrate how to put on and remove personal protective equipment (mask, gown, gloves) based on type of precaution needed
1.r. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
1.s. Explain how to document all aspects of transmission-based precautions
1.t. Explain how each element of the chain of infection contributes to infection
1.u. Define key terms of asepsis
1.v. Demonstrate ability to apply the principles of isolation precautions to different patient situations

2. Perform mathematical calculations related to clinical practice

2.a. Calculations include the use of decimals, fractions, percentages, ratios and/or proportions
2.b. Solutions convert between the metric and household systems
2.c. Calculation is accurate
2.d. Solutions include appropriate units
2.e. Solutions satisfy all essential conditions of the problem
2.f. Calculations are completed efficiently
2.g. Demonstrate how to convert units of weights, volumes, and measures between the metric and household systems
2.h. Demonstrate conversions within the same system (mg to grams to kg)
2.i. Demonstrate calculations related to time
2.j. Outline the steps in various formulas used to calculate dosages
2.k. Demonstrate how to calculate pediatric dosages (mg/kg, mL/kg, mcg/kg)
2.l. Demonstrate how to calculate IV flow rates and IV drip rates (drops/min, mL/hour, mcg/kg/min)
2.m. Explain the importance of accurate drug calculations
2.n. Explain when nurses must check calculations performed by other health care providers

3. Provide wound care

3.a. Adapt procedures to reflect variations across the lifespan
3.b. Use aseptic technique
3.c. Verify medical order
3.d. Assemble necessary supplies
3.e. Explain procedure to patient
3.f. Obtain culture specimen according to designated procedure/checklist
3.g. Cleanse or irrigate wound according to designated procedure/checklist
3.h. Assess tissue condition and drainage
3.i. Apply a variety of dressings according to designated procedure/checklist
3.j. Recognize and report significant deviations in wounds
3.k. Document actions and observations
3.l. Define key terms
3.m. Identify the data pertinent to collect during a wound assessment
3.n. Describe nursing pain management interventions associated with wound care
3.o. Explain the different wound characteristics and exudate types
3.p. Recognize principles of wound cleansing and irrigation
3.q. Compare and contrast types of products and dressings indicated for use in wound management
3.r. Explain when it is appropriate to use sterile and clean technique when performing wound care
3.s. Describe proper disposal of dressings and drainage
3.t. Explain the principles of applying binders and elastic bandages
3.u. Demonstrate the steps in obtaining a wound culture
3.v. Explain the principles for use and management of wound drains and suction apparatus
3.w. Explain the principles for use and management of negative pressure wound therapy (wound VAC)
3.x. Identify criteria and procedure for the removal of sutures, staples, and/or drains
3.y. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel
3.z. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
3.aa. Describe when to notify provider about wound assessment findings
3.ab. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
3.ac. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding care of wound and drainage devices
3.ad. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
3.ae. Explain how to properly document findings
3.af. Identify types of wounds and pressure injuries

4. Measure blood pressure

4.a. Adapt procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan
4.b. Gather equipment
4.c. Select appropriately sized cuff
4.d. Prepare patient for procedure
4.e. Determine blood pressure reading using American Heart Association standards
4.f. Obtain a reading accurate within 4 pts +/- of the evaluator
4.g. Document BP
4.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from BP norms
4.i. Define key terms
4.j. Explain the four examination techniques: inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation
4.k. Identify indications for when it is appropriate to assess the following: respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, temperature, pain, oxygen saturation
4.l. Describe the nursing responsibilities in assessing vital signs
4.m. Identify factors that can affect the accuracy of the vital sign measurements
4.n. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel
4.o. Outline the steps in obtaining a patient’s respiratory rate
4.p. Explain assessment of the rate, rhythm, depth and characteristics of respirations
4.q. Describe the characteristics that should be included when assessing pulses
4.r. Explain implications of a pulse deficit
4.s. Explain how to select appropriate cuff size for patient
4.t. Demonstrate accurate measurement of a patient’s blood pressure using techniques of auscultation and palpation
4.u. Discuss factors in selecting temperature measurement sites and devices
4.v. Demonstrate the steps in measuring a patient’s temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius
4.w. Differentiate between the different types of pain
4.x. Identify the data to collect when assessing pain (PQRSTU)
4.y. Explain when to use the various pain rating scales available
4.z. Demonstrate the steps in measuring a patient’s oxygen saturation
4.aa. Identify the normal range for vital signs across the lifespan
4.ab. Describe when to notify provider about vital sign findings
4.ac. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding vital signs
4.ad. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
4.ae. Describe how to adapt the assessment according to patient situation/circumstance
4.af. Explain how to properly document findings

5. Manage oxygen therapy

5.a. Adapt procedures to reflect variations across the lifespan
5.b. Select appropriate equipment
5.c. Verify health care provider orders
5.d. Explain procedure to patient
5.e. Apply oxygen equipment according to designated procedure/checklist
5.f. Set flow rate using fixed and portable equipment
5.g. Survey the environment for potential safety hazards
5.h. Demonstrate the use of the pulse oximeter to assess patient status
5.i. Assess patient's response to oxygen therapy
5.j. Institute actions to improve oxygenation (IS, cough/deep breath, peak flow meters, positioning, percussion)
5.k. Document actions and observations
5.l. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
5.m. Define key terms
5.n. Demonstrate how to assess the patient for adequate oxygenation
5.o. Describe how to implement nursing measures to promote oxygenation (IS, cough/deep breath, peak flow meters, positioning)
5.p. Identify when nursing measures to promote oxygenation are indicated or contraindicated
5.q. Differentiate common oxygen delivery systems
5.r. Demonstrate the basic steps in applying various oxygen delivery systems
5.s. Identify safety precautions during oxygen therapy
5.t. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding oxygen therapy
5.u. Indicate nursing interventions to maintain mucous membrane and skin integrity during oxygen administration
5.v. Describe nursing assessment findings that would indicate improved oxygenation
5.w. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
5.x. Describe when to notify provider about findings related to oxygen therapy
5.y. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
5.z. Demonstrate ability to adapt oxygen delivery methods to different patient situations
5.aa. Explain how to properly document implementation

6. Perform tracheostomy care and suctioning procedures (oral, nasal, pharyngeal, and tracheostomy)

6.a. Adapt procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan
6.b. Maintain adequate oxygenation
6.c. Verify that there is a backup tracheostomy kit available
6.d. Maintain aseptic technique
6.e. Explain procedure to patient
6.f. Follow designated procedure/checklist
6.g. Document actions and observations
6.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
6.i. Define key terms
6.j. Identify clinical indications when an artificial airway (oral or nasal airway, endotracheal tube, or tracheostomy) would be used
6.k. Identify safety equipment that should be maintained at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy
6.l. Describe the characteristics of the most frequently used tracheostomy tubes
6.m. Describe nursing assessment findings that would indicate a need for cleaning an artificial airway site
6.n. Demonstrate the procedure for performing tracheostomy care
6.o. Identify the rationale for the use of sterile technique when cleaning a tracheostomy tube
6.p. Demonstrate the procedure for changing tracheostomy ties
6.q. Appraise potential problems that can occur when cleaning a tracheostomy tube
6.r. Differentiate between nasopharyngeal and nasotracheal suctioning
6.s. Describe nursing assessments that are performed to determine need for suctioning
6.t. Explain when and why hyperinflation and hyperoxygenation are used
6.u. Outline the procedure for naso and oropharyngeal suctioning
6.v. Describe the procedures for suctioning a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube
6.w. Identify the rationale for the use of sterile technique when suctioning a tracheostomy tube
6.x. Describe the differences in suctioning procedure when a patient has a closed suction catheter system (in-line suctioning)
6.y. Identify potential complications of suctioning and appropriate nursing interventions
6.z. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel
6.aa. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding trach care and suctioning
6.ab. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
6.ac. Describe when to notify provider
6.ad. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
6.ae. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations
6.af. Explain how to properly document procedure

7. Demonstrate specimen collection procedures

7.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan
7.b. Maintain standard precautions
7.c. Select appropriate equipment
7.d. Explain procedure to patient
7.e. Follow specific directions for equipment according to designated procedure/checklist
7.f. Document actions and observations
7.g. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
7.h. Define key terms
7.i. Explain the purpose of obtaining the various types of specimens
7.j. Appraise nursing responsibilities associated with the various types of specimen collections
7.k. Describe the steps in obtaining a capillary blood specimen and measuring blood glucose
7.l. Indicate infection control techniques to use with blood glucose monitoring equipment
7.m. Explain why blood glucose might be ordered via capillary sampling rather than venipuncture
7.n. Discriminate between normal and abnormal blood glucose values
7.o. Describe procedures for obtaining other types of specimens (nasal, throat, urine, vaginal, gastric, stool, sputum)
7.p. Evaluate the significance of collecting sputum on 3 consecutive separate days for AFB
7.q. Evaluate the importance of obtaining stool for occult blood testing on 3 separate consecutive days
7.r. Explain the proper procedure for transport of specimen to lab
7.s. Explain the proper procedure for disposing of supplies
7.t. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel
7.u. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding specimen collection and results
7.v. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
7.w. Discuss the nursing responsibilities for reporting abnormal laboratory results/values to provider
7.x. Explain how to properly document all aspects of glucose monitoring and specimen collection

8. Maintain enteral tubes (feeding, irrigation, suction)

8.a. Modify procedures to reflect variations across the lifespan
8.b. Maintain aseptic technique
8.c. Select appropriate equipment
8.d. Explain procedure to patient
8.e. Determine appropriate placement
8.f. Implement measures to prevent displacement of tube
8.g. Follow health care provider orders and designated procedures/checklists: feedings/irrigation/suction
8.h. Document actions and observations
8.i. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
8.j. Define key terms
8.k. Differentiate between nasogastric and percutaneous tubes
8.l. Differentiate between gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes in terms of location and nursing implications
8.m. Differentiate between tubes for suction and for feeding purposes
8.n. Describe procedures for securing nasogastric and percutaneous tubes
8.o. Describe procedures for skin care around percutaneous tubes
8.p. Appraise various ways of assessing enteral tube placement
8.q. Discriminate when enteral tube placement should be assessed
8.r. Examine risks associated with misplacement of enteral tubes
8.s. Describe how to irrigate a feeding or nasogastric suction tube
8.t. Identify nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during and after enteral route medication administration
8.u. Discuss the proper administration technique of administering medication via enteral tubes
8.v. Compare advantages and disadvantages of using the enteral route for medication administration
8.w. Explain various considerations when administering medications via enteral tube
8.x. Identify conditions that may benefit from enteral nutritional therapy
8.y. Discuss the procedure for administering continuous and bolus tube feedings
8.z. Identify nursing assessments to be performed for patients receiving tube feedings
8.aa. Identify possible complications of enteral nutrition and appropriate interventions
8.ab. Apply the nursing process to the care of patients receiving enteral nutrition
8.ac. Identify potential complications of medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions
8.ad. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding enteral tubes, feeding, and suction
8.ae. Describe when to notify provider
8.af. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
8.ag. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations
8.ah. Explain how to properly document components of enteral medication administration, feedings, and suction

9. Administer medications via the enteral route (oral/tube/rectal)

9.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan
9.b. Follow aseptic technique
9.c. Verify health care provider orders
9.d. Check for patient allergies
9.e. Verify the correct drug including expiration date
9.f. Follow the medication administration rights
9.g. Verify all information three times
9.h. Explain medication information to patient
9.i. Follow designated procedures/checklists: oral/tube/rectal
9.j. Calculate correct amount to administer
9.k. Collect assessment data prior to and after medication administration
9.l. Document actions and observations
9.m. Define key terms
9.n. Discuss the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goals for Medication Administration
9.o. Explain the "rights" for drug administration
9.p. Discuss the importance of verifying allergies and expiration date
9.q. Discuss the nursing role as it pertains to medication refusal and holding of medications
9.r. Identify essential parts of a medication order
9.s. Recognize systems of measurement that are used in medication administration
9.t. Identify common medication administration abbreviations for route and time
9.u. Identify error-prone abbreviations
9.v. List the essential steps in medication preparation and administration via the oral route
9.w. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of oral drug administration
9.x. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after oral medication administration
9.y. Identify steps to take in reporting medication errors
9.z. Discuss the issue surrounding drug diversion
9.aa. Describe proper disposal methods of medications
9.ab. Explain when another nurse is needed to witness wasting of a medication and how to document it
9.ac. Identify potential complications of medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions
9.ad. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding oral medications
9.ae. Describe when to notify provider
9.af. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
9.ag. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations
9.ah. Explain how to properly document administration

10. Administer medications via the parenteral routes (Intradermal/Subcutaneous/Intramuscular)

10.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan
10.b. Maintain aseptic technique
10.c. Verify health care provider orders
10.d. Follow the medication administration rights
10.e. Select appropriate equipment
10.f. Calculate correct amount to administer
10.g. Select site using correct anatomical landmarks
10.h. Administer medication using designated procedures/checklists: intradermal/subcutaneous/intramuscular
10.i. Document actions and observations
10.j. Define key terms
10.k. Locate subcutaneous, intramuscular and intradermal injection sites using anatomical landmarks
10.l. Indicate the correct needle size/gauge and angle of injection used for each of the parenteral routes
10.m. Identify the parts of syringes and needles that need to be kept sterile
10.n. Evaluate potential actions in preparing and administering parenteral medications that violate principles of aseptic technique
10.o. Demonstrate proper handling of various syringes, needles, vials, ampules, and disposable injection units utilizing sterile principles
10.p. Discuss various ways to prevent needle-stick injuries
10.q. Compare and contrast the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of administering medications by each of the parenteral routes
10.r. Explain the procedure for administering a subcutaneous injection, including insulin and heparin
10.s. Explain the procedure for preparing an injection using an ampule, vial, mixing medication from two vials, and disposable injection unit
10.t. Explain the procedure for administering an intramuscular injection
10.u. Explain the procedure for administering a Z-track injection
10.v. Indicate significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after parenteral route medication administration
10.w. Explain the proper procedure for disposing of needles/syringes
10.x. Identify potential complications of parenteral medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions
10.y. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding parenterals
10.z. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
10.aa. Explain how to properly document all aspects of parenteral medication administration

11. Administer medications via topical, transdermal, eye, ear, inhalation, and vaginal routes

11.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan
11.b. Maintain aseptic technique
11.c. Verify health care provider orders
11.d. Follow the medication administration rights
11.e. Select appropriate equipment
11.f. Calculate correct amount to administer
11.g. Select appropriate site
11.h. Administer medication and irrigations according to designated procedure/checklist
11.i. Document actions and observations
11.j. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
11.k. Define key terms
11.l. Discriminate advantages and disadvantages of using special routes for specific conditions
11.m. Describe considerations in maintaining asepsis when administering medication via each of these routes
11.n. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after special route medication administration
11.o. Demonstrate the procedure for administering medications via each of the special routes
11.p. Evaluate the proper order for administering multiple common medications by inhalation
11.q. Evaluate the proper order for administering multiple common eye drops
11.r. Discuss important education to provide to patients regarding the use of inhalers and spacers
11.s. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding special route administration
11.t. Identify potential complications of medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions
11.u. Describe when to notify provider
11.v. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
11.w. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations
11.x. Explain how to properly document administration

12. Manage intravenous therapy

12.a. Modify the procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan
12.b. Follow aseptic technique
12.c. Verify health care provider orders
12.d. Follow the medication administration rights
12.e. Perform the three checks
12.f. Establish designated flow rate
12.g. Spike IV bag and prime tubing
12.h. Change tubing
12.i. Prepare and hang secondary IVPB
12.j. Change IV site dressing
12.k. Inspect IV site for deviations from normal
12.l. Discontinue short term peripheral IV
12.m. Document actions and observations
12.n. Define key terms
12.o. Appraise advantages, disadvantages, and risks of administering IV therapy
12.p. Appraise various types of intravenous equipment, including parts and types of tubing
12.q. Discuss patient conditions requiring IV therapy
12.r. Differentiate between intermittent and continuous infusions
12.s. Differentiate between peripheral IV line and peripheral central line
12.t. Appraise significant nursing assessments of the IV site
12.u. Explain how to assess a saline lock for patency
12.v. Explain the steps for discontinuing a saline lock
12.w. Explain the steps in administering IVPB medications through a saline lock
12.x. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after IV therapy
12.y. Describe factors which affect IV flow rates
12.z. Explain the steps in spiking, priming and hanging an IV solution
12.aa. Correctly calculate IV flow rates for infusing IV solutions
12.ab. Describe how to regulate the flow rate for an infusing IV solution by gravity and pump
12.ac. Correctly calculate IV piggyback flow rates
12.ad. Explain the steps in preparing a secondary IV line utilizing sterile principles
12.ae. Explain the steps in administering IVPB medications through an existing IV infusion line
12.af. Describe the purpose and components of parenteral nutrition
12.ag. Identify conditions that may benefit from parenteral nutritional therapy
12.ah. Identify possible complications of parenteral nutrition and appropriate interventions
12.ai. Apply the nursing process to the care of patients receiving parenteral nutrition
12.aj. Identify possible complications of IV therapy and appropriate interventions
12.ak. Describe when to notify provider
12.al. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding IV therapy
12.am. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
12.an. Explain how to properly document all aspects of IV therapy

13. Facilitate alternative methods of elimination (urinary and bowel)

13.a. Modify assessments techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
13.b. Maintain aseptic technique
13.c. Verify health care provider orders
13.d. Select appropriate equipment for enema, ostomy care, specimen collection, and catheterization
13.e. Explain procedure to patient
13.f. Perform intervention according to designated procedure/checklist
13.g. Document actions and observations
13.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
13.i. Define key terms
13.j. Discuss indications for urinary catheterization
13.k. Compare and contrast advantages, disadvantages, and risks of urinary catheterization
13.l. Discuss the use of a bladder scan in verifying the need for catheterization
13.m. Differentiate between straight, indwelling/Foley, and suprapubic catheters
13.n. Explain significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after the placement of a urinary catheter
13.o. Describe how to maintain sterile technique when preparing a straight catheter and indwelling catheter catheterization kit
13.p. Demonstrate the procedure for catheterizing males and females using a straight catheter kit
13.q. Demonstrate the procedure for catheterizing males and females using an indwelling catheter kit
13.r. Evaluate indications for performing bladder/catheter irrigation
13.s. Describe the procedure for catheter irrigation
13.t. Demonstrate how to obtain a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter
13.u. Describe the procedure for obtaining a sterile urine specimen with straight catheterization
13.v. Demonstrate the procedure for removing an indwelling catheter
13.w. Describe nursing interventions to prevent catheter-associated urinary infections during catheter insertion, maintenance, specimen collection, and irrigation
13.x. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding catheterization
13.y. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel
13.z. Describe when to notify provider
13.aa. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
13.ab. Explain how to properly document all aspects of urinary catheterization and specimen collection
13.ac. List conditions that may necessitate an ostomy
13.ad. Identify types of fecal and urinary diversions
13.ae. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed regarding the various types of ostomies
13.af. Explain the differences in color and consistency of effluent based on the type of ostomy
13.ag. Evaluate indications for changing an ostomy appliance
13.ah. Explain how to change an ostomy appliance
13.ai. Explain how to empty an ostomy appliance
13.aj. Describe nursing interventions for maintaining peristomal skin integrity
13.ak. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding an ostomy
13.al. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel
13.am. Describe when to notify provider
13.an. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
13.ao. Explain how to properly document all aspects of ostomy care
13.ap. Describe implications of urine color and discolorations
13.aq. Identify possible assessment findings indicative of impaired urinary function

14. Obtain a health history

14.a. Modify assessment technique to reflect variations across the lifespan
14.b. Establish nurse-patient relationship
14.c. Use effective verbal and non-verbal communication techniques
14.d. Provide privacy
14.e. Collect data using a designated format
14.f. Modify assessment techniques to reflect ethnic and cultural variations
14.g. Document actions and observations
14.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
14.i. Define key terms
14.j. Compare and contrast subjective data and objective data
14.k. Compare and contrast signs and symptoms
14.l. State the purpose of a complete health history
14.m. Describe the data or information that must be gathered for a health history
14.n. Review verbal and nonverbal communication techniques
14.o. Identify the purpose of utilizing a variety of communication techniques to appropriately gather data
14.p. Explain how to assess for substance abuse
14.q. Explain how to assess for domestic violence
14.r. Describe when to notify provider about health history findings
14.s. Formulate measures to maintain confidentiality of patient information
14.t. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
14.u. Describe how to adapt the health history according to patient situation/circumstance
14.v. Explain how to properly document findings

15. Perform a general survey assessment

15.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
15.b. Maintain asepsis
15.c. Maintain privacy
15.d. Measure height and weight
15.e. Assess vital signs
15.f. Assess general mobility
15.g. Assess appropriateness of behavior/responses
15.h. Assess ability to communicate
15.i. Assess basic nutritional status
15.j. Assess basic fluid status
15.k. Modify assessment techniques to reflect ethnic and cultural variations
15.l. Document actions and observations
15.m. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
15.n. Define key terms
15.o. Identify the components of performing a General Survey
15.p. Explain why numerical data needs to be compared to norms/standards and trended
15.q. Explain techniques used to assess behavior
15.r. Describe the components of the mental status examination
15.s. Outline the steps to accurately measure height and weight
15.t. Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) for an adult and determine the significance of the results
15.u. Determine percentiles on growth charts for height, weight and head circumference in the pediatric patient
15.v. Identify how to assess physical appearance and body structure
15.w. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
15.x. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
15.y. Describe how to adapt the general survey according to patient situation/circumstance
15.z. Explain how to properly document findings

16. Perform an integumentary assessment

16.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
16.b. Maintain aseptic technique
16.c. Provide privacy
16.d. Assess the skin, hair and nails using a designated format
16.e. Modify assessment techniques to reflect ethnic and cultural variations
16.f. Document actions and observations
16.g. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
16.h. Define key terms
16.i. Independently review normal anatomy of the integumentary system
16.j. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the integumentary system
16.k. Identify situations in which PPE should be used during the assessment
16.l. Demonstrate the steps of assessing the integumentary system
16.m. Describe variations in skin determined by race/ethnicity
16.n. Describe how to assess skin lesions in terms of symmetry, border, color, size and elevation (ABCDE) as well as the arrangement of lesions
16.o. Identify risk factors for skin cancer
16.p. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding skin care and cancer prevention
16.q. Explain the purpose for the use of and how to complete the Braden Skin Scale
16.r. Describe the characteristics of normal hair in terms of distribution, quantity, texture and color
16.s. Explain how the characteristics of color, shape, and texture of nails suggest disease entities
16.t. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
16.u. Describe when to notify provider about integumentary findings
16.v. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
16.w. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
16.x. Explain how to properly document findings
16.y. Identify potential points of pressure for the development of pressure injuries

17. Perform a musculoskeletal assessment

17.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
17.b. Maintain privacy
17.c. Assess body alignment according to a designated format
17.d. Assess contour, size and strength of muscles according to a designated format
17.e. Assess range of motion according to a designated format
17.f. Palpate joints for change in temperature, pain and swelling
17.g. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
17.h. Document actions and observations
17.i. Define key terms
17.j. Review the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system
17.k. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the musculoskeletal system
17.l. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic musculoskeletal assessment including gait, posture, mobility, range of motion, balance, coordination, muscle strength and tone
17.m. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
17.n. Describe when to notify provider about muscular or skeletal findings
17.o. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding orthopedic devices
17.p. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
17.q. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
17.r. Explain how to properly document findings

18. Perform a head/neck assessment

18.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
18.b. Assess the skull, face and neck using designated format
18.c. Assess nose and oral cavity using a designated format
18.d. Palpate lymph nodes of head and neck
18.e. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
18.f. Document actions and observations
18.g. Define key terms
18.h. Review the anatomy of the head and neck
18.i. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the head, neck, lymph, nose, mouth and throat
18.j. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic head, neck, and lymph node assessment
18.k. Locate major superficial lymph node chains
18.l. Describe the characteristics of normal lymph nodes
18.m. Outline the steps in performing a basic assessment of the nose, mouth, and throat
18.n. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
18.o. Describe when to notify provider about head/neck findings
18.p. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
18.q. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
18.r. Explain how to properly document findings

19. Perform a basic eye/ear assessment

19.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
19.b. Inspect the eyes using a designated format
19.c. Measure visual acuity using a Snellen chart
19.d. Evaluate extraocular motion
19.e. Inspect the external ear and canal using a designated format
19.f. Evaluate hearing acuity
19.g. Document actions and observation
19.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
19.i. Define key terms
19.j. Review the anatomy of the eye and ear
19.k. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the eyes and ears
19.l. Identify information obtained by examination of the external eye
19.m. Demonstrate the steps in assessing eye reflexes and accommodation
19.n. Demonstrate the steps in assessing visual acuity (Snellen, Rosenbaum, Ishihara tests)
19.o. Demonstrate the steps in assessing visual fields and extraocular function (confrontation test, diagnostic positions test)
19.p. Describe tests used to determine hearing acuity (voice whisper, Weber, Rinne)
19.q. Identify proper techniques for otoscope use
19.r. Briefly describe other procedures for assessing vision and hearing
19.s. Identify information obtained by examination of the external ear
19.t. Identify information obtained by examination of the internal ear
19.u. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
19.v. Describe when to notify provider about eye/ear findings
19.w. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
19.x. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
19.y. Explain how to properly document findings

20. Perform a basic neurological assessment

20.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
20.b. Provide privacy
20.c. Assess cranial nerves using a designated format
20.d. Assess mental status using a designated format
20.e. Assess level of consciousness using a designated format
20.f. Assess reflexes using a designated format
20.g. Assess symmetry of sensory and motor function using a designated format
20.h. Document actions and observations
20.i. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
20.j. Define key terms
20.k. Review normal anatomy of the nervous system
20.l. Compare and contrast the components within different types of neuro exams (screening, complete, recheck)
20.m. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the nervous system
20.n. Identify techniques and tools used to assess cognition and level of consciousness
20.o. Explain the purpose of and how to complete the Glasgow Coma Scale
20.p. Demonstrate how to perform a mental status exam
20.q. Distinguish between assessments of the twelve cranial nerves
20.r. Demonstrate tests for sensory function
20.s. Demonstrate how to test motor function
20.t. Explain how to assess reflexes
20.u. Demonstrate how to assess cerebellar function
20.v. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
20.w. Describe when to notify provider about neurological findings
20.x. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
20.y. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
20.z. Explain how to properly document findings

21. Perform a basic respiratory assessment

21.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
21.b. Provide privacy
21.c. Assess chest and respiratory status using designated format
21.d. Differentiate between normal and abnormal lung sounds
21.e. Document actions and observations
21.f. Recognize and report deviations from norms
21.g. Define key terms
21.h. Review normal anatomy of the respiratory system
21.i. Identify the location of each lobe of the lung and thoracic landmarks
21.j. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the respiratory system
21.k. Identify standard anatomic locations for complete assessment of the anterior, posterior, and lateral chest
21.l. Explain how to adapt the respiratory assessment for the clinical setting
21.m. Describe a systematic approach for assessing lung sounds
21.n. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic respiratory assessment
21.o. Differentiate between vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial breath sounds
21.p. Describe how to assess breathing rate and patterns, use of accessory muscles, chest symmetry, and other factors involved in ventilation
21.q. Distinguish between the different adventitious lung sounds (wheezes, crackles, rales, stridor, rubs)
21.r. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
21.s. Describe when to notify provider about respiratory findings
21.t. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
21.u. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
21.v. Explain how to properly document findings

22. Perform a basic cardiovascular assessment

22.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
22.b. Maintain privacy
22.c. Assess apical and peripheral pulses for rate, rhythm, and amplitude
22.d. Assess skin perfusion (color, temperature, and sensation)
22.e. Assess capillary refill time
22.f. Auscultate heart sounds
22.g. Identify S1 and S2 heart sounds
22.h. Differentiate between normal and abnormal heart sounds
22.i. Document actions and observations
22.j. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
22.k. Define key terms
22.l. Review the anatomy of the cardiovascular system
22.m. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the cardiovascular system
22.n. Differentiate between S1 and S2 heart sounds
22.o. Explain the significance between heart sound variations (S3, S4, murmurs etc.)
22.p. Explain the implications of abnormal heart sounds
22.q. Demonstrate correct utilization of the stethoscope with differentiation of the bell and diaphragm
22.r. Locate standard anatomic locations for assessing heart sounds
22.s. Describe a systematic approach for assessing heart sounds
22.t. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic cardiovascular assessment
22.u. Describe characteristics of a murmur
22.v. Describe the components of a peripheral vascular assessment
22.w. Locate each of the peripheral pulses
22.x. Describe when to use a Doppler to find pulses
22.y. Explain how the 0–3+ scale is used to measure amplitude of peripheral pulses
22.z. Explain how to assess edema (scale, circumference of extremity)
22.aa. Explain the components of a neurovascular check (circulation, movement, sensation)
22.ab. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
22.ac. Describe when to notify provider about cardiovascular findings
22.ad. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
22.ae. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
22.af. Explain how to properly document findings

23. Perform an abdominal assessment

23.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan
23.b. Provide privacy
23.c. Assess the abdomen using designated format
23.d. Differentiate normal and abnormal bowel sounds
23.e. Document actions and observations
23.f. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms
23.g. Define key terms
23.h. Review normal anatomy of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary system
23.i. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the GI/GU systems
23.j. Identify the anatomical landmarks and reference lines used in documenting assessment findings
23.k. Demonstrate the general approach to a basic abdominal assessment
23.l. Differentiate among hypoactive, hyperactive, normoactive, and absent bowel sounds
23.m. Identify possible causes of abdominal distention
23.n. Explain the concept of referred pain
23.o. Contrast light and deep palpation techniques and when to utilize them
23.p. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings
23.q. Describe when to notify provider about abdominal findings
23.r. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration
23.s. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations
23.t. Explain how to properly document findings