1. Use aseptic technique 1.a. Wash hands at appropriate times 1.b. Use standard precautions 1.c. Use category specific precautions 1.d. Maintain a sterile field and equipment 1.e. Apply sterile gloves 1.f. Dispose of contaminated wastes appropriately 1.g. Identify when health care workers should perform hand hygiene 1.h. Identify indications for hand hygiene using an alcohol based hand rub 1.i. Identify indications for hand hygiene using soap and water 1.j. Demonstrate the correct procedures for hand hygiene using handrubs or soap and water 1.k. Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis 1.l. Identify the principles of surgical asepsis 1.m. Prepare a sterile field using a sterile drape 1.n. Explain how to add sterile items to sterile field and pour sterile solutions 1.o. Demonstrate proper donning of sterile gloves 1.p. Compare and contrast standard and transmission-based precaution requirements according to CDC 1.q. Demonstrate how to put on and remove personal protective equipment (mask, gown, gloves) based on type of precaution needed 1.r. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 1.s. Explain how to document all aspects of transmission-based precautions 1.t. Explain how each element of the chain of infection contributes to infection 1.u. Define key terms of asepsis 1.v. Demonstrate ability to apply the principles of isolation precautions to different patient situations 2. Perform mathematical calculations related to clinical practice 2.a. Calculations include the use of decimals, fractions, percentages, ratios and/or proportions 2.b. Solutions convert between the metric and household systems 2.c. Calculation is accurate 2.d. Solutions include appropriate units 2.e. Solutions satisfy all essential conditions of the problem 2.f. Calculations are completed efficiently 2.g. Demonstrate how to convert units of weights, volumes, and measures between the metric and household systems 2.h. Demonstrate conversions within the same system (mg to grams to kg) 2.i. Demonstrate calculations related to time 2.j. Outline the steps in various formulas used to calculate dosages 2.k. Demonstrate how to calculate pediatric dosages (mg/kg, mL/kg, mcg/kg) 2.l. Demonstrate how to calculate IV flow rates and IV drip rates (drops/min, mL/hour, mcg/kg/min) 2.m. Explain the importance of accurate drug calculations 2.n. Explain when nurses must check calculations performed by other health care providers 3. Provide wound care 3.a. Adapt procedures to reflect variations across the lifespan 3.b. Use aseptic technique 3.c. Verify medical order 3.d. Assemble necessary supplies 3.e. Explain procedure to patient 3.f. Obtain culture specimen according to designated procedure/checklist 3.g. Cleanse or irrigate wound according to designated procedure/checklist 3.h. Assess tissue condition and drainage 3.i. Apply a variety of dressings according to designated procedure/checklist 3.j. Recognize and report significant deviations in wounds 3.k. Document actions and observations 3.l. Define key terms 3.m. Identify the data pertinent to collect during a wound assessment 3.n. Describe nursing pain management interventions associated with wound care 3.o. Explain the different wound characteristics and exudate types 3.p. Recognize principles of wound cleansing and irrigation 3.q. Compare and contrast types of products and dressings indicated for use in wound management 3.r. Explain when it is appropriate to use sterile and clean technique when performing wound care 3.s. Describe proper disposal of dressings and drainage 3.t. Explain the principles of applying binders and elastic bandages 3.u. Demonstrate the steps in obtaining a wound culture 3.v. Explain the principles for use and management of wound drains and suction apparatus 3.w. Explain the principles for use and management of negative pressure wound therapy (wound VAC) 3.x. Identify criteria and procedure for the removal of sutures, staples, and/or drains 3.y. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel 3.z. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 3.aa. Describe when to notify provider about wound assessment findings 3.ab. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 3.ac. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding care of wound and drainage devices 3.ad. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 3.ae. Explain how to properly document findings 3.af. Identify types of wounds and pressure injuries 4. Measure blood pressure 4.a. Adapt procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan 4.b. Gather equipment 4.c. Select appropriately sized cuff 4.d. Prepare patient for procedure 4.e. Determine blood pressure reading using American Heart Association standards 4.f. Obtain a reading accurate within 4 pts +/- of the evaluator 4.g. Document BP 4.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from BP norms 4.i. Define key terms 4.j. Explain the four examination techniques: inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation 4.k. Identify indications for when it is appropriate to assess the following: respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, temperature, pain, oxygen saturation 4.l. Describe the nursing responsibilities in assessing vital signs 4.m. Identify factors that can affect the accuracy of the vital sign measurements 4.n. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel 4.o. Outline the steps in obtaining a patient’s respiratory rate 4.p. Explain assessment of the rate, rhythm, depth and characteristics of respirations 4.q. Describe the characteristics that should be included when assessing pulses 4.r. Explain implications of a pulse deficit 4.s. Explain how to select appropriate cuff size for patient 4.t. Demonstrate accurate measurement of a patient’s blood pressure using techniques of auscultation and palpation 4.u. Discuss factors in selecting temperature measurement sites and devices 4.v. Demonstrate the steps in measuring a patient’s temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius 4.w. Differentiate between the different types of pain 4.x. Identify the data to collect when assessing pain (PQRSTU) 4.y. Explain when to use the various pain rating scales available 4.z. Demonstrate the steps in measuring a patient’s oxygen saturation 4.aa. Identify the normal range for vital signs across the lifespan 4.ab. Describe when to notify provider about vital sign findings 4.ac. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding vital signs 4.ad. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 4.ae. Describe how to adapt the assessment according to patient situation/circumstance 4.af. Explain how to properly document findings 5. Manage oxygen therapy 5.a. Adapt procedures to reflect variations across the lifespan 5.b. Select appropriate equipment 5.c. Verify health care provider orders 5.d. Explain procedure to patient 5.e. Apply oxygen equipment according to designated procedure/checklist 5.f. Set flow rate using fixed and portable equipment 5.g. Survey the environment for potential safety hazards 5.h. Demonstrate the use of the pulse oximeter to assess patient status 5.i. Assess patient's response to oxygen therapy 5.j. Institute actions to improve oxygenation (IS, cough/deep breath, peak flow meters, positioning, percussion) 5.k. Document actions and observations 5.l. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 5.m. Define key terms 5.n. Demonstrate how to assess the patient for adequate oxygenation 5.o. Describe how to implement nursing measures to promote oxygenation (IS, cough/deep breath, peak flow meters, positioning) 5.p. Identify when nursing measures to promote oxygenation are indicated or contraindicated 5.q. Differentiate common oxygen delivery systems 5.r. Demonstrate the basic steps in applying various oxygen delivery systems 5.s. Identify safety precautions during oxygen therapy 5.t. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding oxygen therapy 5.u. Indicate nursing interventions to maintain mucous membrane and skin integrity during oxygen administration 5.v. Describe nursing assessment findings that would indicate improved oxygenation 5.w. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 5.x. Describe when to notify provider about findings related to oxygen therapy 5.y. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 5.z. Demonstrate ability to adapt oxygen delivery methods to different patient situations 5.aa. Explain how to properly document implementation 6. Perform tracheostomy care and suctioning procedures (oral, nasal, pharyngeal, and tracheostomy) 6.a. Adapt procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan 6.b. Maintain adequate oxygenation 6.c. Verify that there is a backup tracheostomy kit available 6.d. Maintain aseptic technique 6.e. Explain procedure to patient 6.f. Follow designated procedure/checklist 6.g. Document actions and observations 6.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 6.i. Define key terms 6.j. Identify clinical indications when an artificial airway (oral or nasal airway, endotracheal tube, or tracheostomy) would be used 6.k. Identify safety equipment that should be maintained at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy 6.l. Describe the characteristics of the most frequently used tracheostomy tubes 6.m. Describe nursing assessment findings that would indicate a need for cleaning an artificial airway site 6.n. Demonstrate the procedure for performing tracheostomy care 6.o. Identify the rationale for the use of sterile technique when cleaning a tracheostomy tube 6.p. Demonstrate the procedure for changing tracheostomy ties 6.q. Appraise potential problems that can occur when cleaning a tracheostomy tube 6.r. Differentiate between nasopharyngeal and nasotracheal suctioning 6.s. Describe nursing assessments that are performed to determine need for suctioning 6.t. Explain when and why hyperinflation and hyperoxygenation are used 6.u. Outline the procedure for naso and oropharyngeal suctioning 6.v. Describe the procedures for suctioning a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube 6.w. Identify the rationale for the use of sterile technique when suctioning a tracheostomy tube 6.x. Describe the differences in suctioning procedure when a patient has a closed suction catheter system (in-line suctioning) 6.y. Identify potential complications of suctioning and appropriate nursing interventions 6.z. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel 6.aa. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding trach care and suctioning 6.ab. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 6.ac. Describe when to notify provider 6.ad. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 6.ae. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations 6.af. Explain how to properly document procedure 7. Demonstrate specimen collection procedures 7.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan 7.b. Maintain standard precautions 7.c. Select appropriate equipment 7.d. Explain procedure to patient 7.e. Follow specific directions for equipment according to designated procedure/checklist 7.f. Document actions and observations 7.g. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 7.h. Define key terms 7.i. Explain the purpose of obtaining the various types of specimens 7.j. Appraise nursing responsibilities associated with the various types of specimen collections 7.k. Describe the steps in obtaining a capillary blood specimen and measuring blood glucose 7.l. Indicate infection control techniques to use with blood glucose monitoring equipment 7.m. Explain why blood glucose might be ordered via capillary sampling rather than venipuncture 7.n. Discriminate between normal and abnormal blood glucose values 7.o. Describe procedures for obtaining other types of specimens (nasal, throat, urine, vaginal, gastric, stool, sputum) 7.p. Evaluate the significance of collecting sputum on 3 consecutive separate days for AFB 7.q. Evaluate the importance of obtaining stool for occult blood testing on 3 separate consecutive days 7.r. Explain the proper procedure for transport of specimen to lab 7.s. Explain the proper procedure for disposing of supplies 7.t. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel 7.u. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding specimen collection and results 7.v. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 7.w. Discuss the nursing responsibilities for reporting abnormal laboratory results/values to provider 7.x. Explain how to properly document all aspects of glucose monitoring and specimen collection 8. Maintain enteral tubes (feeding, irrigation, suction) 8.a. Modify procedures to reflect variations across the lifespan 8.b. Maintain aseptic technique 8.c. Select appropriate equipment 8.d. Explain procedure to patient 8.e. Determine appropriate placement 8.f. Implement measures to prevent displacement of tube 8.g. Follow health care provider orders and designated procedures/checklists: feedings/irrigation/suction 8.h. Document actions and observations 8.i. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 8.j. Define key terms 8.k. Differentiate between nasogastric and percutaneous tubes 8.l. Differentiate between gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes in terms of location and nursing implications 8.m. Differentiate between tubes for suction and for feeding purposes 8.n. Describe procedures for securing nasogastric and percutaneous tubes 8.o. Describe procedures for skin care around percutaneous tubes 8.p. Appraise various ways of assessing enteral tube placement 8.q. Discriminate when enteral tube placement should be assessed 8.r. Examine risks associated with misplacement of enteral tubes 8.s. Describe how to irrigate a feeding or nasogastric suction tube 8.t. Identify nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during and after enteral route medication administration 8.u. Discuss the proper administration technique of administering medication via enteral tubes 8.v. Compare advantages and disadvantages of using the enteral route for medication administration 8.w. Explain various considerations when administering medications via enteral tube 8.x. Identify conditions that may benefit from enteral nutritional therapy 8.y. Discuss the procedure for administering continuous and bolus tube feedings 8.z. Identify nursing assessments to be performed for patients receiving tube feedings 8.aa. Identify possible complications of enteral nutrition and appropriate interventions 8.ab. Apply the nursing process to the care of patients receiving enteral nutrition 8.ac. Identify potential complications of medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions 8.ad. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding enteral tubes, feeding, and suction 8.ae. Describe when to notify provider 8.af. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 8.ag. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations 8.ah. Explain how to properly document components of enteral medication administration, feedings, and suction 9. Administer medications via the enteral route (oral/tube/rectal) 9.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan 9.b. Follow aseptic technique 9.c. Verify health care provider orders 9.d. Check for patient allergies 9.e. Verify the correct drug including expiration date 9.f. Follow the medication administration rights 9.g. Verify all information three times 9.h. Explain medication information to patient 9.i. Follow designated procedures/checklists: oral/tube/rectal 9.j. Calculate correct amount to administer 9.k. Collect assessment data prior to and after medication administration 9.l. Document actions and observations 9.m. Define key terms 9.n. Discuss the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goals for Medication Administration 9.o. Explain the "rights" for drug administration 9.p. Discuss the importance of verifying allergies and expiration date 9.q. Discuss the nursing role as it pertains to medication refusal and holding of medications 9.r. Identify essential parts of a medication order 9.s. Recognize systems of measurement that are used in medication administration 9.t. Identify common medication administration abbreviations for route and time 9.u. Identify error-prone abbreviations 9.v. List the essential steps in medication preparation and administration via the oral route 9.w. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of oral drug administration 9.x. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after oral medication administration 9.y. Identify steps to take in reporting medication errors 9.z. Discuss the issue surrounding drug diversion 9.aa. Describe proper disposal methods of medications 9.ab. Explain when another nurse is needed to witness wasting of a medication and how to document it 9.ac. Identify potential complications of medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions 9.ad. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding oral medications 9.ae. Describe when to notify provider 9.af. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 9.ag. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations 9.ah. Explain how to properly document administration 10. Administer medications via the parenteral routes (Intradermal/Subcutaneous/Intramuscular) 10.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan 10.b. Maintain aseptic technique 10.c. Verify health care provider orders 10.d. Follow the medication administration rights 10.e. Select appropriate equipment 10.f. Calculate correct amount to administer 10.g. Select site using correct anatomical landmarks 10.h. Administer medication using designated procedures/checklists: intradermal/subcutaneous/intramuscular 10.i. Document actions and observations 10.j. Define key terms 10.k. Locate subcutaneous, intramuscular and intradermal injection sites using anatomical landmarks 10.l. Indicate the correct needle size/gauge and angle of injection used for each of the parenteral routes 10.m. Identify the parts of syringes and needles that need to be kept sterile 10.n. Evaluate potential actions in preparing and administering parenteral medications that violate principles of aseptic technique 10.o. Demonstrate proper handling of various syringes, needles, vials, ampules, and disposable injection units utilizing sterile principles 10.p. Discuss various ways to prevent needle-stick injuries 10.q. Compare and contrast the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of administering medications by each of the parenteral routes 10.r. Explain the procedure for administering a subcutaneous injection, including insulin and heparin 10.s. Explain the procedure for preparing an injection using an ampule, vial, mixing medication from two vials, and disposable injection unit 10.t. Explain the procedure for administering an intramuscular injection 10.u. Explain the procedure for administering a Z-track injection 10.v. Indicate significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after parenteral route medication administration 10.w. Explain the proper procedure for disposing of needles/syringes 10.x. Identify potential complications of parenteral medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions 10.y. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding parenterals 10.z. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 10.aa. Explain how to properly document all aspects of parenteral medication administration 11. Administer medications via topical, transdermal, eye, ear, inhalation, and vaginal routes 11.a. Modify procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan 11.b. Maintain aseptic technique 11.c. Verify health care provider orders 11.d. Follow the medication administration rights 11.e. Select appropriate equipment 11.f. Calculate correct amount to administer 11.g. Select appropriate site 11.h. Administer medication and irrigations according to designated procedure/checklist 11.i. Document actions and observations 11.j. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 11.k. Define key terms 11.l. Discriminate advantages and disadvantages of using special routes for specific conditions 11.m. Describe considerations in maintaining asepsis when administering medication via each of these routes 11.n. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after special route medication administration 11.o. Demonstrate the procedure for administering medications via each of the special routes 11.p. Evaluate the proper order for administering multiple common medications by inhalation 11.q. Evaluate the proper order for administering multiple common eye drops 11.r. Discuss important education to provide to patients regarding the use of inhalers and spacers 11.s. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding special route administration 11.t. Identify potential complications of medication administration and appropriate nursing interventions 11.u. Describe when to notify provider 11.v. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 11.w. Demonstrate ability to adapt to different patient situations 11.x. Explain how to properly document administration 12. Manage intravenous therapy 12.a. Modify the procedure to reflect variations across the lifespan 12.b. Follow aseptic technique 12.c. Verify health care provider orders 12.d. Follow the medication administration rights 12.e. Perform the three checks 12.f. Establish designated flow rate 12.g. Spike IV bag and prime tubing 12.h. Change tubing 12.i. Prepare and hang secondary IVPB 12.j. Change IV site dressing 12.k. Inspect IV site for deviations from normal 12.l. Discontinue short term peripheral IV 12.m. Document actions and observations 12.n. Define key terms 12.o. Appraise advantages, disadvantages, and risks of administering IV therapy 12.p. Appraise various types of intravenous equipment, including parts and types of tubing 12.q. Discuss patient conditions requiring IV therapy 12.r. Differentiate between intermittent and continuous infusions 12.s. Differentiate between peripheral IV line and peripheral central line 12.t. Appraise significant nursing assessments of the IV site 12.u. Explain how to assess a saline lock for patency 12.v. Explain the steps for discontinuing a saline lock 12.w. Explain the steps in administering IVPB medications through a saline lock 12.x. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after IV therapy 12.y. Describe factors which affect IV flow rates 12.z. Explain the steps in spiking, priming and hanging an IV solution 12.aa. Correctly calculate IV flow rates for infusing IV solutions 12.ab. Describe how to regulate the flow rate for an infusing IV solution by gravity and pump 12.ac. Correctly calculate IV piggyback flow rates 12.ad. Explain the steps in preparing a secondary IV line utilizing sterile principles 12.ae. Explain the steps in administering IVPB medications through an existing IV infusion line 12.af. Describe the purpose and components of parenteral nutrition 12.ag. Identify conditions that may benefit from parenteral nutritional therapy 12.ah. Identify possible complications of parenteral nutrition and appropriate interventions 12.ai. Apply the nursing process to the care of patients receiving parenteral nutrition 12.aj. Identify possible complications of IV therapy and appropriate interventions 12.ak. Describe when to notify provider 12.al. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding IV therapy 12.am. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 12.an. Explain how to properly document all aspects of IV therapy 13. Facilitate alternative methods of elimination (urinary and bowel) 13.a. Modify assessments techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 13.b. Maintain aseptic technique 13.c. Verify health care provider orders 13.d. Select appropriate equipment for enema, ostomy care, specimen collection, and catheterization 13.e. Explain procedure to patient 13.f. Perform intervention according to designated procedure/checklist 13.g. Document actions and observations 13.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 13.i. Define key terms 13.j. Discuss indications for urinary catheterization 13.k. Compare and contrast advantages, disadvantages, and risks of urinary catheterization 13.l. Discuss the use of a bladder scan in verifying the need for catheterization 13.m. Differentiate between straight, indwelling/Foley, and suprapubic catheters 13.n. Explain significant nursing assessments to be performed prior to, during, and after the placement of a urinary catheter 13.o. Describe how to maintain sterile technique when preparing a straight catheter and indwelling catheter catheterization kit 13.p. Demonstrate the procedure for catheterizing males and females using a straight catheter kit 13.q. Demonstrate the procedure for catheterizing males and females using an indwelling catheter kit 13.r. Evaluate indications for performing bladder/catheter irrigation 13.s. Describe the procedure for catheter irrigation 13.t. Demonstrate how to obtain a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter 13.u. Describe the procedure for obtaining a sterile urine specimen with straight catheterization 13.v. Demonstrate the procedure for removing an indwelling catheter 13.w. Describe nursing interventions to prevent catheter-associated urinary infections during catheter insertion, maintenance, specimen collection, and irrigation 13.x. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding catheterization 13.y. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel 13.z. Describe when to notify provider 13.aa. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 13.ab. Explain how to properly document all aspects of urinary catheterization and specimen collection 13.ac. List conditions that may necessitate an ostomy 13.ad. Identify types of fecal and urinary diversions 13.ae. Appraise significant nursing assessments to be performed regarding the various types of ostomies 13.af. Explain the differences in color and consistency of effluent based on the type of ostomy 13.ag. Evaluate indications for changing an ostomy appliance 13.ah. Explain how to change an ostomy appliance 13.ai. Explain how to empty an ostomy appliance 13.aj. Describe nursing interventions for maintaining peristomal skin integrity 13.ak. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding an ostomy 13.al. Identify which procedures can be delegated to assistive personnel 13.am. Describe when to notify provider 13.an. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 13.ao. Explain how to properly document all aspects of ostomy care 13.ap. Describe implications of urine color and discolorations 13.aq. Identify possible assessment findings indicative of impaired urinary function 14. Obtain a health history 14.a. Modify assessment technique to reflect variations across the lifespan 14.b. Establish nurse-patient relationship 14.c. Use effective verbal and non-verbal communication techniques 14.d. Provide privacy 14.e. Collect data using a designated format 14.f. Modify assessment techniques to reflect ethnic and cultural variations 14.g. Document actions and observations 14.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 14.i. Define key terms 14.j. Compare and contrast subjective data and objective data 14.k. Compare and contrast signs and symptoms 14.l. State the purpose of a complete health history 14.m. Describe the data or information that must be gathered for a health history 14.n. Review verbal and nonverbal communication techniques 14.o. Identify the purpose of utilizing a variety of communication techniques to appropriately gather data 14.p. Explain how to assess for substance abuse 14.q. Explain how to assess for domestic violence 14.r. Describe when to notify provider about health history findings 14.s. Formulate measures to maintain confidentiality of patient information 14.t. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 14.u. Describe how to adapt the health history according to patient situation/circumstance 14.v. Explain how to properly document findings 15. Perform a general survey assessment 15.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 15.b. Maintain asepsis 15.c. Maintain privacy 15.d. Measure height and weight 15.e. Assess vital signs 15.f. Assess general mobility 15.g. Assess appropriateness of behavior/responses 15.h. Assess ability to communicate 15.i. Assess basic nutritional status 15.j. Assess basic fluid status 15.k. Modify assessment techniques to reflect ethnic and cultural variations 15.l. Document actions and observations 15.m. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 15.n. Define key terms 15.o. Identify the components of performing a General Survey 15.p. Explain why numerical data needs to be compared to norms/standards and trended 15.q. Explain techniques used to assess behavior 15.r. Describe the components of the mental status examination 15.s. Outline the steps to accurately measure height and weight 15.t. Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) for an adult and determine the significance of the results 15.u. Determine percentiles on growth charts for height, weight and head circumference in the pediatric patient 15.v. Identify how to assess physical appearance and body structure 15.w. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 15.x. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 15.y. Describe how to adapt the general survey according to patient situation/circumstance 15.z. Explain how to properly document findings 16. Perform an integumentary assessment 16.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 16.b. Maintain aseptic technique 16.c. Provide privacy 16.d. Assess the skin, hair and nails using a designated format 16.e. Modify assessment techniques to reflect ethnic and cultural variations 16.f. Document actions and observations 16.g. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 16.h. Define key terms 16.i. Independently review normal anatomy of the integumentary system 16.j. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the integumentary system 16.k. Identify situations in which PPE should be used during the assessment 16.l. Demonstrate the steps of assessing the integumentary system 16.m. Describe variations in skin determined by race/ethnicity 16.n. Describe how to assess skin lesions in terms of symmetry, border, color, size and elevation (ABCDE) as well as the arrangement of lesions 16.o. Identify risk factors for skin cancer 16.p. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding skin care and cancer prevention 16.q. Explain the purpose for the use of and how to complete the Braden Skin Scale 16.r. Describe the characteristics of normal hair in terms of distribution, quantity, texture and color 16.s. Explain how the characteristics of color, shape, and texture of nails suggest disease entities 16.t. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 16.u. Describe when to notify provider about integumentary findings 16.v. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 16.w. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 16.x. Explain how to properly document findings 16.y. Identify potential points of pressure for the development of pressure injuries 17. Perform a musculoskeletal assessment 17.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 17.b. Maintain privacy 17.c. Assess body alignment according to a designated format 17.d. Assess contour, size and strength of muscles according to a designated format 17.e. Assess range of motion according to a designated format 17.f. Palpate joints for change in temperature, pain and swelling 17.g. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 17.h. Document actions and observations 17.i. Define key terms 17.j. Review the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system 17.k. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the musculoskeletal system 17.l. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic musculoskeletal assessment including gait, posture, mobility, range of motion, balance, coordination, muscle strength and tone 17.m. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 17.n. Describe when to notify provider about muscular or skeletal findings 17.o. Discuss key educational topics that the nurse should provide to the patient regarding orthopedic devices 17.p. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 17.q. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 17.r. Explain how to properly document findings 18. Perform a head/neck assessment 18.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 18.b. Assess the skull, face and neck using designated format 18.c. Assess nose and oral cavity using a designated format 18.d. Palpate lymph nodes of head and neck 18.e. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 18.f. Document actions and observations 18.g. Define key terms 18.h. Review the anatomy of the head and neck 18.i. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the head, neck, lymph, nose, mouth and throat 18.j. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic head, neck, and lymph node assessment 18.k. Locate major superficial lymph node chains 18.l. Describe the characteristics of normal lymph nodes 18.m. Outline the steps in performing a basic assessment of the nose, mouth, and throat 18.n. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 18.o. Describe when to notify provider about head/neck findings 18.p. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 18.q. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 18.r. Explain how to properly document findings 19. Perform a basic eye/ear assessment 19.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 19.b. Inspect the eyes using a designated format 19.c. Measure visual acuity using a Snellen chart 19.d. Evaluate extraocular motion 19.e. Inspect the external ear and canal using a designated format 19.f. Evaluate hearing acuity 19.g. Document actions and observation 19.h. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 19.i. Define key terms 19.j. Review the anatomy of the eye and ear 19.k. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the eyes and ears 19.l. Identify information obtained by examination of the external eye 19.m. Demonstrate the steps in assessing eye reflexes and accommodation 19.n. Demonstrate the steps in assessing visual acuity (Snellen, Rosenbaum, Ishihara tests) 19.o. Demonstrate the steps in assessing visual fields and extraocular function (confrontation test, diagnostic positions test) 19.p. Describe tests used to determine hearing acuity (voice whisper, Weber, Rinne) 19.q. Identify proper techniques for otoscope use 19.r. Briefly describe other procedures for assessing vision and hearing 19.s. Identify information obtained by examination of the external ear 19.t. Identify information obtained by examination of the internal ear 19.u. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 19.v. Describe when to notify provider about eye/ear findings 19.w. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 19.x. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 19.y. Explain how to properly document findings 20. Perform a basic neurological assessment 20.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 20.b. Provide privacy 20.c. Assess cranial nerves using a designated format 20.d. Assess mental status using a designated format 20.e. Assess level of consciousness using a designated format 20.f. Assess reflexes using a designated format 20.g. Assess symmetry of sensory and motor function using a designated format 20.h. Document actions and observations 20.i. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 20.j. Define key terms 20.k. Review normal anatomy of the nervous system 20.l. Compare and contrast the components within different types of neuro exams (screening, complete, recheck) 20.m. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the nervous system 20.n. Identify techniques and tools used to assess cognition and level of consciousness 20.o. Explain the purpose of and how to complete the Glasgow Coma Scale 20.p. Demonstrate how to perform a mental status exam 20.q. Distinguish between assessments of the twelve cranial nerves 20.r. Demonstrate tests for sensory function 20.s. Demonstrate how to test motor function 20.t. Explain how to assess reflexes 20.u. Demonstrate how to assess cerebellar function 20.v. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 20.w. Describe when to notify provider about neurological findings 20.x. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 20.y. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 20.z. Explain how to properly document findings 21. Perform a basic respiratory assessment 21.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 21.b. Provide privacy 21.c. Assess chest and respiratory status using designated format 21.d. Differentiate between normal and abnormal lung sounds 21.e. Document actions and observations 21.f. Recognize and report deviations from norms 21.g. Define key terms 21.h. Review normal anatomy of the respiratory system 21.i. Identify the location of each lobe of the lung and thoracic landmarks 21.j. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the respiratory system 21.k. Identify standard anatomic locations for complete assessment of the anterior, posterior, and lateral chest 21.l. Explain how to adapt the respiratory assessment for the clinical setting 21.m. Describe a systematic approach for assessing lung sounds 21.n. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic respiratory assessment 21.o. Differentiate between vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial breath sounds 21.p. Describe how to assess breathing rate and patterns, use of accessory muscles, chest symmetry, and other factors involved in ventilation 21.q. Distinguish between the different adventitious lung sounds (wheezes, crackles, rales, stridor, rubs) 21.r. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 21.s. Describe when to notify provider about respiratory findings 21.t. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 21.u. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 21.v. Explain how to properly document findings 22. Perform a basic cardiovascular assessment 22.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 22.b. Maintain privacy 22.c. Assess apical and peripheral pulses for rate, rhythm, and amplitude 22.d. Assess skin perfusion (color, temperature, and sensation) 22.e. Assess capillary refill time 22.f. Auscultate heart sounds 22.g. Identify S1 and S2 heart sounds 22.h. Differentiate between normal and abnormal heart sounds 22.i. Document actions and observations 22.j. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 22.k. Define key terms 22.l. Review the anatomy of the cardiovascular system 22.m. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the cardiovascular system 22.n. Differentiate between S1 and S2 heart sounds 22.o. Explain the significance between heart sound variations (S3, S4, murmurs etc.) 22.p. Explain the implications of abnormal heart sounds 22.q. Demonstrate correct utilization of the stethoscope with differentiation of the bell and diaphragm 22.r. Locate standard anatomic locations for assessing heart sounds 22.s. Describe a systematic approach for assessing heart sounds 22.t. Demonstrate the steps in performing a basic cardiovascular assessment 22.u. Describe characteristics of a murmur 22.v. Describe the components of a peripheral vascular assessment 22.w. Locate each of the peripheral pulses 22.x. Describe when to use a Doppler to find pulses 22.y. Explain how the 0–3+ scale is used to measure amplitude of peripheral pulses 22.z. Explain how to assess edema (scale, circumference of extremity) 22.aa. Explain the components of a neurovascular check (circulation, movement, sensation) 22.ab. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 22.ac. Describe when to notify provider about cardiovascular findings 22.ad. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 22.ae. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 22.af. Explain how to properly document findings 23. Perform an abdominal assessment 23.a. Modify assessment techniques to reflect variations across the lifespan 23.b. Provide privacy 23.c. Assess the abdomen using designated format 23.d. Differentiate normal and abnormal bowel sounds 23.e. Document actions and observations 23.f. Recognize and report significant deviations from norms 23.g. Define key terms 23.h. Review normal anatomy of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary system 23.i. List pertinent questions to ask a patient in order to collect subjective data regarding the GI/GU systems 23.j. Identify the anatomical landmarks and reference lines used in documenting assessment findings 23.k. Demonstrate the general approach to a basic abdominal assessment 23.l. Differentiate among hypoactive, hyperactive, normoactive, and absent bowel sounds 23.m. Identify possible causes of abdominal distention 23.n. Explain the concept of referred pain 23.o. Contrast light and deep palpation techniques and when to utilize them 23.p. Distinguish between normal and abnormal findings 23.q. Describe when to notify provider about abdominal findings 23.r. Describe developmental and cultural differences to take into consideration 23.s. Demonstrate ability to adapt assessment techniques to different patient situations 23.t. Explain how to properly document findings